纖維束過(guò)濾器是一種壓力式纖維束過(guò)濾器The fiber bundle filter is a pressure type fiber bundle filter. ,它采用束狀軟纖維填料作為過(guò)濾器的濾元It uses bundled soft fiber filler as the filter element of the filter (同我們通常稱(chēng)為纖維束濾料),其濾料直徑可達(dá)幾十微米甚至幾微米The diameter of the filter material can reach tens of microns or even a few microns ,并具有比表面積大And it has the advantages of large specific surface area and low filtration resistance,過(guò)濾阻力小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)Advantages such as low filtration resistance ,解決了粒狀濾料的過(guò)濾精度受濾料粒徑限制等問(wèn)題Solve the problem that the filtration accuracy of the granular filter material is limited by the particle size of the filter material 。微小的濾料直徑Tiny filter diameter,增加了濾料的比表面積和表面自由能Increase the specific surface area and surface free energy of the filter material ,增加了水中雜質(zhì)顆粒與濾料的接觸機(jī)會(huì)和濾料的吸附能力Increased the chance of contact between impurity particles in water and the filter material and the adsorption capacity of the filter material ,從而提高了過(guò)濾效率和截污容量Thereby improving filtration efficiency and interception capacity。
為充分發(fā)揮束幢纖維濾料的特長(zhǎng)In order to give full play to the characteristics of the fiber filter ,在過(guò)濾器的濾層內(nèi)沿水流動(dòng)的方向的截面逐漸縮小,密度逐漸加大The cross section of the filter layer along the direction of water flow gradually shrinks, and the density gradually increases(筒體內(nèi)部拉繩可以調(diào)節(jié)纖維束壓縮),相應(yīng)濾層空隙直徑和空隙逐漸減小,實(shí)現(xiàn)了合理的深層過(guò)濾。當(dāng)濾層被污染需要清洗再生時(shí)Correspondingly, the gap diameter and gap of the filter layer are gradually reduced, realizing reasonable deep filtration. When the filter layer is contaminated and needs cleaning and regeneration ,可用水和氣體方便地進(jìn)行清洗Can be easily cleaned with water and gas 。
纖維束過(guò)濾器有碳鋼和不銹鋼材質(zhì),過(guò)濾器設(shè)備由固定多孔板、活動(dòng)多孔板、纖維束濾料、布?xì)庋b置等組成?;顒?dòng)多孔板可上下移動(dòng),過(guò)濾時(shí),在水力作用下,濾料順?biāo)鞣较蚩障队纱笾饾u變小,纖維密度變大,形成合理的過(guò)濾層面,其過(guò)濾過(guò)程既有縱向深層過(guò)濾,又有橫向深層過(guò)濾,有效地提高了過(guò)濾精度和過(guò)濾速度;清洗時(shí),使纖維束達(dá)到疏松狀態(tài),同時(shí),采用氣水合洗的方法,在氣泡聚散和水力沖洗過(guò)程中,纖維束處于不斷抖動(dòng)狀態(tài),在水力和上升氣泡的作用下,反沖洗濾料而使其再生。The fiber bundle filter is made of carbon steel and stainless steel. The filter equipment is composed of a fixed porous plate, a movable porous plate, a fiber bundle filter material, and a gas distribution device. The movable porous plate can move up and down. When filtering, under the action of hydraulic force, the gap of the filter material along the direction of the water flow becomes smaller and smaller, and the fiber density becomes larger, forming a reasonable filtration layer. The filtration process includes both vertical deep filtration and horizontal filtration. Deep filtration effectively improves the filtration accuracy and filtration speed. When cleaning, the fiber bundle is loosened. At the same time, the method of air-hydration washing is adopted. During the bubble gathering and water washing process, the fiber bundle is in a constant shaking state. Under the action of water power and rising air bubbles, the filter material is backwashed to regenerate it.
自壓式纖維過(guò)濾器有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)形式,一種是出水孔板在下部,一種是出水孔板在上部,長(zhǎng)纖維束一端固定在出水孔板上,另一端與一質(zhì)量極小的限制纖維束相對(duì)位置的構(gòu)件連接。所謂自壓,是指不依靠其他裝置,僅靠水流對(duì)纖維層的水頭阻力實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)纖維層的壓縮。實(shí)際上,長(zhǎng)纖維絲的縱向剛度很小,只要對(duì)纖維進(jìn)行適當(dāng)處理并保持適宜的裝填密度,依靠濾層的水頭阻力就完全可以像纖維球過(guò)濾器一樣將纖維層壓縮。The self-pressing fiber filter has two structural forms, one is the outlet orifice plate at the bottom, the other is the outlet orifice plate at the upper part, one end of the long fiber bundle is fixed on the outlet orifice plate, and the other end is restricted by a very small mass The relative positions of the fiber bundles are connected. The so-called self-pressure means that the fiber layer is compressed by the head resistance of the water flow to the fiber layer without relying on other devices. In fact, the longitudinal stiffness of the long fiber yarn is very small. As long as the fiber is properly treated and the appropriate packing density is maintained, the water head resistance of the filter layer can completely compress the fiber layer like a fiber ball filter.
當(dāng)水流自上向下通過(guò)纖維層時(shí),在水頭阻力作用下,纖維承受向下的縱向壓力且越往下則纖維所受的向下壓力越大。由于纖維縱向剛度很小,當(dāng)縱向壓力足夠大時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生彎曲,進(jìn)而纖維層會(huì)整體下移,最下部纖維首先彎曲并壓縮,此彎曲、壓縮的過(guò)程逐漸上移,直至纖維層的支撐力與纖維層的水頭阻力平衡(壓縮過(guò)程需3-5min?。由于纖維層所受的縱向壓力沿水流方向依次遞增,所以纖維層沿水流方向被壓縮彎曲的程度也依次增大,濾層孔隙率和過(guò)濾孔徑沿水流方向由大到小分布,這樣就達(dá)到了高效截留懸浮物的理想床層狀態(tài)。自壓式纖維過(guò)濾器的有效過(guò)濾面積大,設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,出現(xiàn)機(jī)械故障的因素極少,且接近出水位置的纖維壓縮比大,大都呈橫向狀態(tài),這顯然更有利于吸附、截留懸浮物,過(guò)濾速度、過(guò)濾效率都能得到進(jìn)一步提高。